How do you obtain a back azimuth if the azimuth is less than or equal to 180 degrees?

To obtain a back azimuth when the azimuth is less than or equal to 180 degrees, you add 180 degrees to the given azimuth.

This process is based on understanding how azimuths function in navigation. An azimuth is measured in degrees from 0 to 360, representing a full circle around the compass. When determining a back azimuth, you want to find the direction opposite to the initial azimuth. For azimuths that are 180 degrees or less, adding 180 degrees effectively moves the angle halfway around the circle, landing you directly opposite the original direction.

For instance, if you have an azimuth of 90 degrees, adding 180 degrees would result in 270 degrees, which points exactly in the opposite direction on the compass. This is a critical aspect of navigation and orientation, ensuring accurate bearings are maintained when determining movements or positions relative to a point.

Understanding this concept allows personnel in the field to accurately recalibrate their bearings or assess tactical movements, which is essential for operational effectiveness.